The Ascetic Imperative – A Matter of Communion

Among the more interesting experiences in my life was the two years spent in a Christian commune. It was not West Coast fancy, much less connected to anything historic such as the Bruderhof. It started with two very zealous Jesus freaks (myself and a friend), an apartment, and something of a necessity thrust on us by accident. The accident was a housefire where two other young Christian friends were living. The fire claimed the life of one and left the other injured as he jumped from a window to survive. We took him in (first, as something like a border). Somewhere, in the course of prayer, we decided to live communally. At the time, immersed in the daily study of Scripture, it seemed the most obvious way to live.

I was working 40 hours a week in various jobs (they seemed to come and go – well, actually, I got fired more than once, but that’s another story). My friend was working part-time and doing college courses the rest of the time. Turning my money over for the common good simplified my life.

The communal life didn’t stop at money. We began to explore what it meant to share a common life. Our questions were framed in the only language we knew: what does the Bible say? The questions and answers of that dialog were informative. With those questions in mind, we became aware of a steady stream of admonitions in the New Testament urging believers towards a life of asceticism. Fasting, vigils (praying through the whole of a night), sacrificial giving, radical forgiveness are all considered commonplace and normative. We had no tradition to draw on, and thus we practiced such things without guidance. We learned many things the hard way. There is now a long string of decades that separate me from those fervent years.

No one told us to do the things we did, and no one told us to read the Scriptures in the manner we undertook. What we did was to read the Scriptures with the question in mind, “What should we do?” That stands in stark contrast to the typical question, “What should we believe?” Had our study been primarily directed to matters of doctrine, I think we would have lost our way. Strangely, our instincts were correct.

The teachings of Christ are not, primarily, metaphysical pronouncements about the nature of things. Instead, they are commandments regarding what we should do – based on who God is. “Love your enemies – because God is kind to both the good and the evil.” This pattern holds throughout Christ’s teachings. It is a directive that intends to shape our lives such that our lives themselves become a “living theology,” a revelation of the nature of God made known in the shape of our actions.

In our secularized world, most people behave in the same way: as consumers bound by the passions and commands of their economic masters. The “good life” is described in terms of money and pleasure. If you have enough of both, then you are living the “good life.”

I can see, in hindsight, that many of the things of my youthful fervency were less than perfect. We had no ear for holy tradition and the experience of the Church through the ages. Nonetheless, we were struggling to become deaf to the demands of the culture. There is a gap in my culture memory, for instance. My awareness of popular music stops with the year 1971 (the year that we began the commune). I simply quit listening. I’ve never re-entered that marketplace. I’m not interested.

I could wish that this same deafness extended to much else (news cycles, etc.). With those things, I struggle as much as others.

St. Paul wrote to the Corinthians saying:

You are our epistle written in our hearts, known and read by all men; clearly you are an epistle of Christ, ministered by us, written not with ink but by the Spirit of the living God, not on tablets of stone but on tablets of flesh, that is, of the heart.” (3:2-3)

If we do not “become the Scriptures,” then reading them will have been in vain.

Christ says the same thing in a different manner:

If you keep my commandments, you will abide in my love, just as I have kept my Father’s commandments and abide in his love. (John 15:10)

In this saying, Christ reveals that the keeping of His commandments is a means of communion. It is not a legal or moral matter. Rather, keeping His commandments is a means of embodying Christ Himself. This is theosis in its most immediate form.

Understanding the commandments and the discipline of putting them into practice is a matter of communion

For what partnership has righteousness with lawlessness? Or what communion has light with darkness? What accord has Christ with Belial? Or what portion does a believer share with an unbeliever? What agreement has the temple of God with idols? For we are the temple of the living God; as God said,

“I will make my dwelling among them and walk among them, and I will be their God, and they shall be my people. Therefore go out from their midst, and be separate from them, says the Lord, and touch no unclean thing; then I will welcome you, and I will be a father to you, and you shall be sons and daughters to me, says the Lord Almighty.”(2 Cor. 6:14–18)

God “walks among us” as we walk “in His commandments.”

This last passage also points to the contradiction that such a practice brings about with the secularized world. Living in the world, we often fail to see that our lives are always an act of communion. To live mindlessly in this culture is inevitably an act of “channeling” the culture, of living as an expression of the culture in human form. We shop because the culture shops. We “care about stuff” because the culture “cares.” We worry because the culture worries. We weep when it weeps and become angry as it rages. We unconsciously live as “epistles” of the culture (the Scriptures would name it as “Mammon”) even as the culture whispers to us that these are our own thoughts. We imagine ourselves to be willing individuals, centers of consciousness defined by our choices. In point of fact, we are often little more than mouthpieces of the culture-mind, our “consciousness” created elsewhere and marketed to us. If you feel no tension with the culture around you, then you have been swallowed alive and are being digested.

There is an ascetic imperative, an utter necessity to enter into the struggle that is Christ’s own struggle. We fast because Christ-in-us fasts. We pray because Christ-in-us prays. We forgive because Christ-in-us forgives. We love because Christ-in-us loves. We give because Christ-in-us gives. Such a life is a sign of contradiction, a repudiation of the world’s claims to be “normal” or “just the way things are.” The life of Christ is the true life of the world, the purpose of all things.

People came to Christ with this question: “What must we do to be saved?” Ultimately, the answer is, “Do Christ.” We walk in Him and He walks in us. This is the ascetic imperative. This is the crucified life of grace, the salvation of the world.

About Fr. Stephen Freeman

Fr. Stephen is a retired Archpriest of the Orthodox Church in America. He is also author of Everywhere Present: Christianity in a One-Storey Universe, and Face to Face: Knowing God Beyond Our Shame, as well as the Glory to God podcast series on Ancient Faith Radio.



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8 responses to “The Ascetic Imperative – A Matter of Communion”

  1. Alan Avatar
    Alan

    So good Father! Thank you!

  2. Dee of Sts Herman and Olga Avatar
    Dee of Sts Herman and Olga

    “What must we do?” Such good words! These are the words of the people who came to St John the Baptizer.

    Father thank you so much for resurfacing this article. This question has been plaguing me. I’m grateful for the answer!

    It’s so easy to be distracted and discouraged.
    Christ is in our midst!

  3. Fr. Stephen Avatar

    Dee,
    My own experience is that “thinking” about something tends to expand it (perhaps allowing it to become crushing in its breadth). “Doing the next good thing,” or the next thing that is at hand, shrinks life to something with which we can live. Christ was often quite specific when He answered such a question – even if the answer (“sell what you have and come and follow Me”) seemed impossible (it was not a generic response – but quite specific).

  4. Dee of Sts Herman and Olga Avatar
    Dee of Sts Herman and Olga

    Indeed Father,
    Your comment reminds me of Christ’s words, “my yoke is easy and my burden light”. The next best thing keeps our focus on the immediate need, rather than worry or attempt to manage what is beyond our control.

  5. Rob Avatar
    Rob

    So good! This is the recipe for being a “Resident Alien”.

  6. Kate Avatar
    Kate

    This is so beautiful and simple, and yet, at the same time profound and very difficult!

    I truly hope to learn to live such a life in union with Christ. It is a major challenge to change a lifetime of “channeling the culture”.

    Father Stephen, I have a completely unrelated question and am wondering if it would be possible to send you an email. If not, I completely understand, as I’m sure you get inundated with messages and are a very busy man.

    May the Lord continue to bless you and your ministry!

  7. Spencer Avatar
    Spencer

    Thank you for these words Father. Truly your work has influenced my walk with Christ in this world.

    This post brings to mind the concept of biblical interpretation being lived. I asked my Anglican friend one day, how do we interpret the Bible? Which methods do we use e.g. the redemptive movement? Or is interpretation possible simply by looking at those who have continued to live it out since the time of Christ. In a way then, interpretation of scripture is impossible without entering into the “living interpretation” of scripture.

    Here is where tension arises when I interact with non-Orthodox that faithfully seek to follow Christ and use the Early Church Father’s as guides. There is a transposing of sorts that occurs when you take them out of the “living interpretation”. And I posit that one cannot fully understand without you yourself entering into it.

    This leads me to an adjacent thought – that the movement toward ancient Christianity has a threat and it is precisely this transposing it out of where it lives into another completely different framework of tradition. The threat being that any sort of transposition out, leads to a misinterpretation because it fails to acknowledge that they are not communicating ideas but their lives.

    Am I off with this thinking? Any guidance in helping me articulate is much appreciated.

  8. Fr. Stephen Avatar

    Spencer,
    I think you’re on the right track. I will say (generously) that all forms of Christianity have at least a shadow or reflection of the fullness that has been given to us. Anyone who meditates on the words of Christ is gazing at the truth (Truth) in some manner. The “shadow” aspect is a matter of the heart and mind. Everyone, Orthodox included, are shadowed by the cultures of this world – they darken our understanding. We have a rich inheritance in Orthodoxy in that there is a living continuity that has been bequeathed to us – but we possess it in the context of the “shadow lands.”

    One of my experiences through the years has been a sort of “lifting of the veil” in the reading of the Scriptures (at least from time to time). It can happen in a service, or in reading, or just a chance and fleeting thought, in which the wealth of Orthodoxy lifts up the veil of so many centuries of distortion and misuse and allows the original light to shine through.

    I have met a few souls who are considered saints (none of them canonized as of yet). There was something “large” about their presence. That’s the only word I have for it. I think there is a largeness of the Scriptures that can only be seen when a life reveals it – truly embodies it.

    God give us grace for this!

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