The Bridegroom and Judgment

Behold, the Bridegroom comes at midnight, and blessed is the servant whom He shall find watching; and again, unworthy is the servant whom He shall find heedless.  Beware, therefore, O my soul, do not be weighed down with sleep, lest you be given up to death and lest you be shut out of the Kingdom.  But rouse yourself crying: Holy, holy, holy, art Thou, O our God.  Through the Theotokos, have mercy on us.

+ Troparion of Bridegroom Matins

The services of the first few days of Orthodox Holy Week have a collective theme of judgment. The centerpiece of those days is the service known as “Bridegroom Matins,” so named for the icon of Christ the Bridegroom (pictured here), an interesting name for Christ depicted in His humiliation, crowned with thorns, robed in derision, with the rod of His chastisement in His hand. It is part of the “upside-down” character of Holy Week. Judgment is clearly one of the most upside-down characteristics of the events that unfold in Christ’s last earthly days.

I was nurtured on stories as a child that contrasted Christ’s “non-judging” (“Jesus, meek and mild”) with Christ the coming Judge (at His dread Second Coming). I was told that His second coming would be very unlike His first. There was a sense that Jesus, meek and mild, was something of a pretender, revealing His true and eternal character only later as the avenging Judge.

This, of course, is both distortion and heresy. The judgment of God is revealed in Holy Week. The crucified Christ is the fullness of the revelation of God. There is no further revelation to be made known, no unveiling of a wrath to come. The crucified Christ is what the wrath of God looks like.

The first three days of Holy Week are collectively known as the End. And it is this End that forms the character of judgment. The end of something always reveals the truth of a thing. As the popular saying has it, “Time will tell.” When the End is the end that is brought by God, then the true end of all things is revealed.

And this is the characteristic of the judgment made manifest in Holy Week. Christ is moving towards His end, the consummation of the Incarnation. As He is increasingly revealed, everything around Him is revealed as well. Things are shown to be more clearly what they are. Those who hate Him, begin to be revealed as plotters and murderers. What was once only thoughts and feelings of envy become plots and perjury. The power of Rome is unmasked for its injustice, mere people-pleasing. The High Priest is revealed to believe that the destruction of God is good for his nation. The weakness of the disciples and the empty boasting of Peter and the rest are shown for their true emptiness. The sin of the world is revealed in the death of God.

But this had been prophesied from the beginning:

Behold, this Child is destined for the fall and rising of many in Israel…that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed  (Luk 2:34-35).

But the righteous are revealed as well. The steadfast love of the Mother of God never wavered before the Cross. Her faithfulness is revealed. The kindness of Joseph of Arimathea is forever marked by an empty tomb. The tears of a harlot reveal the nature of love, even hidden beneath the deeds of her life. In the judgment of God, all things are simply shown to be what they truly are. Sin is seen to be sin. Love is seen to be love. There is clarity.

And in the judgment of God, His own love is shown to be what it truly is – self-sacrificing, forgiving, relentless in its mercy. It is not a love that pronounces forgiveness from the Cross only to pronounce destruction on another occasion. The crucified Christ is not a revelation that is succeeded by another.

For I determined not to know anything among you except Jesus Christ and Him crucified. (1Co 2:2)

The Bridegroom comes. Judgment arrives. All things are revealed for what they truly are.

Thy bridal chamber I see adorned, O my Savior, and I have no wedding garment that I may enter. O Giver of Light, enlighten the vesture of my soul, and save me.

+ Exaposteilarion of Bridegroom Matins

About Fr. Stephen Freeman

Fr. Stephen is a retired Archpriest of the Orthodox Church in America. He is also author of Everywhere Present: Christianity in a One-Storey Universe, and Face to Face: Knowing God Beyond Our Shame, as well as the Glory to God podcast series on Ancient Faith Radio.



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12 responses to “The Bridegroom and Judgment”

  1. hellie el Avatar
    hellie el

    wonderful. thank you

  2. Michael Avatar
    Michael

    This might be one of your very finest Father Stephen. Thank you

  3. Byron Avatar
    Byron

    Thy bridal chamber I see adorned, O my Savior, and I have no wedding garment that I may enter.

    This phrase really struck me the other night: “I have no wedding garment”. I had never before considered myself as that person, but I see that now. It is a terrifying place to be.

    But, at my last confession, my Priest pointed out that now is the time to stop looking at our own sins and focus on God’s grace and mercy. Even naked, as was mentioned previously, He pulls us up by our wrists when we cannot take another step. Glory to God! Hosanna in the Highest!

  4. Kenneth Avatar
    Kenneth

    Fr. Stephen,

    Thank you for this wonderful reflection. The Bridegroom Matins are so beautiful. I had not known that they are referred to as the “End”, but it now makes sense.

    You and others have pointed out that icons often put together events that might be anachronistic if read literally. Is it true that Orthodox liturgy often does this as well? I’ve wondered if one example is the sinful woman who anoints Jesus during Holy Week. In the Gospels, I think only the Luke 7 account (ie, a seemingly earlier event) portrays the woman as a sinner or harlot. But regardless, it is still so meaningful liturgically. I’ve also heard our priests (and I think hymnography as well?) say that the Theotokos was the first to visit the empty tomb, even though the accounts of John and Mark would suggest that Mary Magdalene was. I read that this might be mystically known and a tradition of the Church. I’ve noticed many other things like this in Orthodox liturgy. They often blow up my previous simple understanding and make me go deeper, which maybe is part of the point.

  5. Fr. Stephen Avatar

    Kenneth,
    Yes, the liturgies of the Church freqently treat various things anachronistically (as do the icons) where things are not always seen in a linear fashion. It’s interesting with an icon – you can put any number of things that are not necessary in succession of a time-line, and see that, taken together, they illuminate one another. The problem with “text,” if you will, is that it has an inherent linear quality – it must start somewhere, proceed, and end somewhere, and cannot exactly do five things at once. There are elements that surround the text: the building and its iconography, where in the temple the “action” is taking place (as well as the nature of the action), and other things (such as the hymnography) that all work together. There’s this striking statement in St. John Chrysostom’s Liturgy, just before the priest (or deacon) elevates the Holy Gifts:

    Remembering, therefore, this saving commandment and all those things which have come to
    pass for us: the cross, the tomb, the resurrection on the third day, the ascension into the heavens,
    the sitting at the right hand, the second and glorious coming again:

  6. Kenneth Avatar
    Kenneth

    Thank you, that’s an interesting point that the text has an inherent linear quality. Icons and the liturgy indeed help illuminate the text in profound ways that often blow up my prior thinking. Riches abound!

  7. Matthew Avatar
    Matthew

    Hello Kenneth and Fr. Stephen. Was Mary Magdalene really a harlot? Now the Protestant in me comes out. Here it goes:

    The various anointings of Jesus —

    Matthew 26:6-13 / Mark 14:1-9

    • No identity of the one who does the anointing.
    • The anointing was on the head of Jesus.
    • The anointing was done 2 days before the Passover.
    • The anointing was done at Simon the Leper´s house.

    John 12:1-8

    • Mary the sister of Martha and Lazarus does the anointing.
    • The anointing was on the feet of Jesus.
    • The anointing was done 6 days before the Passover.
    • The anointing was done at the house of Lazarus, Mary and Martha.

    Luke 7:36-50

    • The one doing the anointing is not Mary Magdalene. The woman is only called a “sinful woman“ and is not named.

    • Mary Magdalene is therefore not the “sinful woman“ (or prostitute) mentioned in Luke 7

    • Mary Magdalene is also not the Mary who is the sister of Martha and Lazarus

    It appears that these mistakes were made by Pope Gregory I but have since been corrected by the Catholic Church.

    “Apparently the idea that Mary Magdalene and Mary of Bethany were the same person was common for a long time in the Western church (not the Eastern churches), and this left a mark on the Western liturgical calendar. Mary Magdalene has long had a memorial on July 22, whereas Martha has one on July 29. But now that the confusion between Mary Magdalene and Mary of Bethany has been cleared up, the Congregation for Divine Worship ordered in 2021 that the July 29 memorial be listed as that of “Martha, Mary, and Lazarus”—giving the other two Bethany siblings their due on the calendar.” – An online Catholic resource (forgot which one)

    Is this true Fr. Stephen? Did the issues surrounding the different Mary´s and who was/was not the harlot never really exist in the Orthodox Church? I post this today because my wife was reading last week or so about the anointings and had questions. We sometimes crash into scriptural accounts and traditional accounts that don´t match up in the Catholic Church. I assume sometimes this is the case in the Orthodox Church as well?

  8. Matthew Avatar
    Matthew

    Fr. Stephen wrote:

    “This, of course, is both distortion and heresy. The judgment of God is revealed in Holy Week. The crucified Christ is the fullness of the revelation of God. There is no further revelation to be made known, no unveiling of a wrath to come. The crucified Christ is what the wrath of God looks like.”

    How then are we to understand the words in the Creed:

    “He will come AGAIN in glory to judge the living and the dead”??

  9. Kennetb Avatar
    Kennetb

    Those anointing parallels are indeed interesting and they are often conflated. Regarding Mary Magdalene, Luke 8 says that she previously had “7 devils” that were cast out of her, but I don’t think anywhere in the Gospels is she described as a sinner or harlot. Orthodox hymnography calls her “Equal to the Apostles”!

  10. Matthew Avatar
    Matthew

    Thanks so much Kenneth!

  11. Fr. Stephen Avatar

    Matthew,
    I see no contradiction. The Jesus who comes again to judge the living and the dead is the SAME Jesus who is crucified. In the resurrection we still see the marks of the nails and the spear. There’s not a “later” Jesus.

    The wrath of God remains nothing other than the love of God (cf. the “River of Fire”). Nevertheless, for some, the love of God is a burning scourge. In the Judgment, all things will be revealed to be what they truly are. Every pretense, every delusion, every masquerade will be taken away. I leave the outcome of all of that in the hands of God.

    I take to heart the words of St. Sophrony, “God never judges twice.” Thus, we rush to repentance now.

  12. Fr. Stephen Avatar

    Matthew,
    My mind sort of clouds over whenever I read these discussions viz. the Mary’s. I can’t remember which way is which. As it is, I listen to the hymnography and take it to heart. I’m just not driven to figure out any historical problems in the matter. That, forgive me, really is a sort of Protestant problem. It’s not that the questions are illegitimate, it’s just that, if someone is satisfied with their answer(s), what have they gained?

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