How Simple Should Christianity Be?

_44604810_0cfa7112-54f0-4015-a9b0-29f58a4fab29There is a tendency in our modern world to make things as simple as possible. We hide the complexities behind a keyboard (I don’t know how my computer works – or not very well) or we treat things that seem complex as unnecessary obfuscations. This same drive to simplify was very much alive in the 16th century as Christianity underwent reform in many places of the world.

Thomas Cranmer, the English Reformer, railed against the complexity of the service books required for a Roman Catholic Mass and managed to bring everything down to one small book. Every service required by a cleric could be found in the one Prayer Book, which also contained the book of Psalms.

Cranmer’s work was often outdone in other places – some eventually discarding the use of any book but the Bible. Following Martin Luther’s lead, the Scriptures themselves were limited to 66 books (discarding those Old Testament books which did not have a Hebrew original – the so-called “Apocrypha”).

This, of course, is not all of the story of the Reform. At the same time that services were being simplified, there were massive productions of new commentaries and works of theology. Thus there was both a simplification and a new layer of complexity.

As centuries have gone on, the drive to simplify has not disappeared. Frontier preaching in America had little place for complexity and the proclamation of the gospel became quite straight-forward indeed.  A common tool in use throughout various religious movements in post-Guttenburg Europe, was the religious tract. Produced by the thousands and millions, these small summaries of the faith or of a point of doctrine were spread throughout homes and the streets and occasionally played important religious roles in religious movements (I’m not sure how much they do today).

How simple should Christianity be? Should it be reduceable to four spiritual laws or summarized in a paragraph or two? Is John 3:16 the perfect summary of the perfect faith? If you were shipwrecked on an island and could only have one chapter of Scripture, what would you keep?

I would like to suggest several principles that might be of help in thinking about such things.

1. Christianity is not an idea.

2. Christianity is not part of the religious annex of planet earth.

3. Reality cannot be simplified.

On the first point – Christianity is not an idea. I could say that it is also not a philosophy. It is a faith about how things (all things) are and Who God is, and what God has to do with us (or us with Him). It is thus a full account of reality, even though much of that account may remain unspoken. Christianity is either everything or it is nothing.

This leads easily to my second point. Christianity is not part of the religious annex of planet earth – that is, it is not a subset or comparment of something else. Since it is the fullness of reality in its truth – there is not a larger fullness (other than God) in which it may be contained.

My third point – reality cannot be simplied – may sound obvious – but we frequently live in simplified, digitzed, simulacra of the world itself. Given the choice between life on earth as we know it, and life in a holo-deck as pictured in the Star Trek movies and series – many people would gladly choose the holo-deck, some already opting for its current low-tech version in various games and such.

The invitation to another human being to embrace Christ as Lord, God and Savior is thus an invitation not to a religious hobby, but to the truth of the world as it is and as it shall be. Christ reveals reality in its fullness. Thus Christianity can never properly be a diminishing of human life.

Care should be taken never to diminish the faith – to reduce it to something less than all that is (and more). Glory to God for all things.

About Fr. Stephen Freeman

Fr. Stephen is a retired Archpriest of the Orthodox Church in America. He is also author of Everywhere Present: Christianity in a One-Storey Universe, and Face to Face: Knowing God Beyond Our Shame, as well as the Glory to God podcast series on Ancient Faith Radio.



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141 responses to “How Simple Should Christianity Be?”

  1. Karen Avatar
    Karen

    Mary K, I’m sure Fr. Stephen will have some good thoughts for you, but your questions hit close to home for me as well. Such distortions in teaching about God as vengeful, needing to punish Jesus on the Cross for our sins, etc., are what drove me from evangelicalism into Orthodoxy. (Orthodoxy does not teach this view of why Jesus had to die.) Also, I have a close family member who has been disabled by mental illness virtually all of her adult life, so I am not a stranger to the suffering that chronic illness brings.

    I can understand your interest in Protestant groups that advocate miraculous healing, given your situation. I spent at least 10 years in a Pentacostal denomination myself. You should understand that Orthodoxy certainly doesn’t rule out the possibility of God’s miraculous healing (and quite likely, though this is not emphasized, God intervenes quite frequently to heal through the prayers of the Church). Just as frequently, where physical healing doesn’t occur, God nevertheless sustains and comforts His people. It seems to me the most important thing is being able to receive God’s love and be in communion with Him, no matter what one’s situation. Distorted understandings of God’s motivation toward us and the reason for Christ’s death are a significant impediment to that, so I pray you will find the answers you seek. It is a central teaching of Orthodoxy regarding the reason for the Incarnation of the Word (Jesus)–including His suffering, death and resurrection–that “what is not assumed is not healed.” The understanding is that God in order to heal us had to, in solidarity with our fallen condition, unite Himself with us, including our death, in order to heal us. In the Orthodox view, Jesus isn’t taking the punishment of an angry God on the Cross in order to appease God (this notion blasphemes the merciful nature of God from an Orthodox perspective): He is enduring the punishment intrinsic to sin (and of sinners) in order to reconcile those sinners to God (i.e., to change the disposition of the sinners, not God). Father Stephen has a very good post “The Wrathful God” that would likely be helpful. The online paper at this link, though it is quite long, may also be helpful: http://www.home.messiah.edu/~rcollins/AT7.HTM

  2. mary k Avatar
    mary k

    Thankyou Karen,

    I’m really sorry your family member is suffering from a mental illness.Its a horrible things on so many levels-the suffering from the illness itself and also societies perceptions,judgements,treatment,assumptions.Also the sometimes undignifed treatment/dehumanisation by people in the medical profession.
    I pray God hears my prayer and heals and helps her.

    Thankyou for praying for me.Its hard to not have that image of God becuase the bible says He has wrath and all the “smiting” in the bible i have with long detail about how peoples carcasses were torn into after God brought His judgement etc.
    Also articles like the below confuse me because on one hand the man who wrote the article is saying that people should have contrite,tender & not hardened hearts & be spirit led & not soul led & it appears to make sense to my unlearned brain but he also promotes speeches like “sinners in the hands of an angry God” and says Gods wrath is coming soon etc.Its confusing to me because my mind thinks “if this man has contrite & tender heart & is being led by Holy Spirit then maybe God is this way?”
    http://mikeratliff.wordpress.com/2006/06/05/the-pilgrims-heart-part-5-the-contrite-heart/

  3. mary k Avatar
    mary k

    Karen,
    Thankyou for link also.Sorry i couldn’t make it work for some reason

  4. MichaelPatrick Avatar
    MichaelPatrick

    Mary K,

    “Could anyone tell me clearer why Jesus came and had to die etc please?
    I also don’t understand when they say Jesus had to die & shed blood because only with blood-shed can sins be forgiven because Jewish say that blood didn’t have to be shed but that they gave offerings to God of something that meant alot to them as a sacrifice but that shedding blood wasn’t needed for forgiveness so i can’t make it add up.”

    The point of shedding blood and “sacrifice” is not a matter of punishment. Those things occurred in the temple entryway, and the point is to put off sinful and dead things so that we can enter into the very presence of God, joining his grace-filled presence in the holy of holies. It is an ontological fact that we are judged by our actions and we even bear the sins of others and the corruption it has caused in our very being. Unfortunately these consequences pass from one generation to the next – it corrupts all of creation, making every thing God created suffer under it’s terrible “judgment.”

    The necessity of sacrifice, like all things, can only be understood by looking at Christ. It was necessary for Him to suffer, to die, to sacrifice himself on our behalf since His mission was to undo the awful consequences of sin upon mankind and embrace us in His life. He died to slay the power of death, and he transformed it into our salvation because in death we join in His life (i.e. baptism). He thereby shut the mouth of our accuser, stealing back from our accuser the last word about our future and hope. Death was indeed a necessity. His death. Please do not associate it with any notion of anger. Our death can be an offering to Him, and the final triumph of the cross where His glory can be revealed just as Christ revealed the Father’s glory on His cross. God’s only motive is love. He is Love. If He holds anger toward some for their deeds that’s his business, but be assured that He does so like a parent – to chasten His child in love.

  5. Karen Avatar
    Karen

    Hi Mary K, sorry about the outdated link. I found the new online address for that paper. Here is the new link–hope this helps: http://home.messiah.edu/~rcollins/Philosophical%20Theology/Atonement/AT7.HTM

  6. Karen Avatar
    Karen

    Mary K, here also is the link to Fr. Stephen’s post on “God’s Wrath.”
    https://glory2godforallthings.com/2009/01/15/gods-wrath/

    Father, bless!

  7. Lizzy L Avatar
    Lizzy L

    Dear Mary K: I am a newcomer to this blog but I feel very moved by your post. I look forward to what Father Stephen will say when he has time to respond.

    In my own understanding: God is a Mystery, and who he is transcends everything that we think we know and everything we say about him. Human language is very limited, and it truly cannot describe God, and so when people say God is angry, wrathful, sad, even when they talk about God’s love, much of what it said falls short of the truth. Even Holy Scripture, which we believe God gave to us, is limited, because it was written by God’s creatures. (We do not believe our Scriptures were dictated by God or an angel of God, as Muslims believe the Koran was dictated to their prophet by an angel.)

    The idea that Jesus had to die to appease God’s wrath at sinful humanity is only one formulation, one theory of why the Incarnate God suffered, died, and was resurrected. I, personally, am unable to believe this theory: the God it envisions seems very narrow-minded, very cruel, and too much, frankly, like us. It may be that we will never truly know here on earth why God chose this path to redeem us. I suspect that we, as created beings, would not be able to comprehend what lies behind the mystery of our redemption.

    I believe that God loves us, that God is not “angry” with us. I believe we should strive to love God and to love and serve each other, because we are all God’s children. I believe we should not judge, because we are all sinners, but that we must forgive, as we are forgiven. I believe we must trust God even in our pain.

    I hope I have not made your search more difficult by these comments, and that I have not caused offense to anyone in what I have said.

  8. Michael Bauman Avatar
    Michael Bauman

    Reading and contemplating the posts here I can say that the Christian faith is radically simple while the consequences of that faith are almost infinitely complex. Once a person opens his/her heart to God and the person of Jesus Christ–everything changes. It is a monumental and ultimately futile task to describe the nature and extent of those changes and the effects of faith.

    It is simple to say and even believe that in Jesus Christ God was made man–fully human and fully divine. However once someone accepts that reality our understanding of our own nature and the inter-relationship we have with every other living entity and created thing changes.

    There are people who have a seeming irresistable urge to understand and descibe the nature of such changes, the essence of the experience of union with such an ineffable love.

    There are others who are able to accept simply that the change has occured and work on living in the new reality to the best of their abilities and to the extent of the gift of grace they are given sharing their faith by their actions.

    Saints are in both categories and hypocrites in both categories. We ought not to trouble one another or be confused by one another, or envy one another but rejoice in one another.

    It is after all the transformation by the grace of God that we both seek, the forgiveness of sin and the healing of our souls and the life in the Kingdom together.

  9. mary k Avatar
    mary k

    Thankyou everyone very much.

    Thankyou Karen for the great links.
    I’ve only read part of the online paper by Collins so far.With the example about the prodigal son i think that people who believe that Jesus was our substitute for Gods wrath/punishment say that God had to do this because Hes Holy but for humans we can just forgive each other(eg father & son) because we all have sin but God couldn’t just forgive,he had to punish & wrath be appeased & divine justice be done because He’s Holy & without sin.
    Its hard to know what to believe because bible does talk about Gods wrath but at the same time why would Jesus then bother telling the story about the prodigal son in first place if it had no relativity to God and us

    MichaelPatrick,
    What does “it is an ontological fact that we are judged by our actions and we even bear the sins of others and the corruption it has caused in our very being” mean?Does that mean that we are punished for adam & eves sins like in punishment for original sin or does that just mean we bare the consequence but arn’t punished for them like for example a baby might be born disabled because his/her mother drunk alot during pregnancy so the baby suffers the consequence of mothers sin(gets disabled or blind etc) but isn’t responsible for them or being punished for them.

    How did Jesus dying slay the power of death and also shut he mouth of our accuser?

    Thankyou LizzieL,

    Don’t all Christians believe that the bible was dictated by God/Holy Spirit breathed?Or at least thats what i’ve been taught

    IrishAnglican,

    I don’t understand sorry.What does it all mean especially “Therefore, the correct view of substitution is that it is representative, but only In Christ”
    Finally, “the great word of the Gospel is not ‘God is Love’,” it is that “Love is omnipotent forever, because it is holy.”

  10. fatherstephen Avatar

    I ask patience of readers – I am working as I can on what would seem to me a helpful answer to Mary K’s very heartfelt question. I appreciate your patience and the respectful refrain from anticipating that post. It winds up as more confusing than helpful. This is especially true in that such an answer does not need to be the rehearsing of too much theological jargon, which Mary’s responses make clear. But patience, please.

  11. […] I was reading a post over on Fr. Stephen Freeman’s blog today entitled “How Simple Should Christianity […]

  12. mary k Avatar
    mary k

    Thankyou Father Stephen

  13. MichaelPatrick Avatar
    MichaelPatrick

    Mary K,

    You asked, “what does “it is an ontological fact that we are judged by our actions and we even bear the sins of others and the corruption it has caused in our very being” mean? Does that mean that we are punished for adam & eves sins like in punishment for original sin or does that just mean we bare the consequence but arn’t punished for them like for example a baby might be born disabled because his/her mother drunk alot during pregnancy so the baby suffers the consequence of mothers sin(gets disabled or blind etc) but isn’t responsible for them or being punished for them.”

    The later is correct; it’s precisely what I mean. Sin, an irrational wrecker, is woven into the fabric of our being and relations with others. Of course we all sin, but we may not be guilty for all the sins that we bear. Christ bore all sins without guilt, and He’s the only one who, by doing so, could change the effect of sins upon his creatures. If Christ wanted to punish he wouldn’t have been so lavish in his mercy to take all sins on himself out of love. He would have created an accounting system to dole out remission. Fr. Thomas Hopko at has an excellent lecture series on CD from SVS Press titled “Sin: Primoridal, Generational, and Personal.” I recommend it.

    “How did Jesus dying slay the power of death and also shut he mouth of our accuser?”

    I’m certain that Fr. Stephen can answer this better than I can. Let’s see what he says and if he doesn’t address it I’ll try to provide a worthy reply.

  14. mary k Avatar
    mary k

    Thankyou MichaelPatrick

  15. mary k Avatar
    mary k

    Could anyone please tell me do these verses mean that God has wrath towards us which Jesus appeased with His righteousness?I wish it wasn’t true but i cant see them to mean any other way

    Romans 4
    4Now to him that worketh is the reward not reckoned of grace, but of debt.

    Does this verse mean if a person tries to please God by works instead of faith on Jesus that they are more indebted to God?but if you can be indebted wouldn’t that support the theory that Jesus died in our place because the word debt i cant make that add up with any other theory of Jesus coming here and dying etc

    15Because the law worketh wrath: for where no law is, there is no transgression.

    Does this suggest people-jewish? under the law were under Gods wrath but only by believing on Jesus are we covered from Gods wrath.
    I get confused because this seems to point to the beliefs of those sermons like sinners in the hands of an angry God again

    and this similar passage
    25Who was delivered for our offences, and was raised again for our justification.

    Romans 5
    9Much more then, being now justified by his blood, we shall be saved from wrath through him.
    10For if, when we were enemies, we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son, much more, being reconciled, we shall be saved by his life.

    Does this passage clearly suggest that Jesus blood shed did save us from Gods wrath?

    To be honest this has now put more doubts in my mind like if this passage plainly states through Jesus we are saved from Gods wrath then i also start thinking whether burning hell fire is real too.Also then i’m wondering if Jesus is God(trinity) or seperate because it doesnt make sense for God to die for use to save us from Himself.
    It seems like there is a sort of legal contract that Jesus covers us for because the crime of sin is so heinous to God and we dont realise it?At least thats what i read somewhere.
    Its hard for me to think of God as Loving and safe with all this.
    Its all quite confusing to a beginner like me

    Thankyou very much

  16. fatherstephen Avatar

    Mary K

    There is a way of reading these things that is not quite as literal and understands God’s wrath in a different way. If they had the sort of meaning you understand – it would be quite upsetting to me as well.

    I’m still working on the article I’ve promised. I think it will help.

  17. mary k Avatar
    mary k

    Thankyou very much Father Stephen

  18. irishanglican Avatar
    irishanglican

    The Cross and Death of Christ must have some sense of the judicial aspect. With many scriptures that point in that direction. “The just (righteous) for the unjust (unrighteous), that HE might bring us to God.” (1 Peter 3:18) Also, (1 John 2:1-2 / Rom. 5:9-11). But in the end, it is better to experience the Atonement than to understand it. For in reality it is the “fact” of the Atonement that saves, rather than our understanding of it. But as Forsyth says: “It was penal in that it was due to the moral order of sin.” But it was not penal in the sense that the Father deliberately punished His Son. But we can say Christ’s death did three things…It defeated Satan, rejoiced the Father, and set up in humanity the Kingdom of God!

    Fr. Robert

    PS Fr. Stephen, let me share a great Anglican statement as to souls and direction: ‘ALL great direction of souls is at once traditional in doctrine and original in application.’ ~ Evelyn Underhill

  19. fatherstephen Avatar

    Actually, Fr. Robert, I would agree that there is “some sense of the judicial” in the Cross and Death of Christ. However, I do not think that judicial sense is well used or interpreted in our modern age. We have both a highly developed and deeply warped sense of the judicial (particularly in America). It is a deeply abused image as it is popularly used, often reduced to caricature. It rarely has any sense of what “judicial” would have meant at the time of the NT. Thus NT Wright, to cite an Anglican, is among those who have been revisiting the typical Protestant interpretation of these things, and doing good work.

    I simply think it is a minor metaphor, greatly overdone in the last number of centuries in comparison to the first 1000 years. I will except Tertullian, but he was a lawyer who became a heretic. 🙂 I’m not sure his early use of theology served him so well.

    There are far more dominant metaphors and images – most especially that of exchange and participation (koinonia). That “God made Him to be sin who knew no sin, that we might become the righteousness of God,” for instance, is not at all judicial in my understanding, but rather a matter of God’s taking our condition upon Himself, that we might take His upon us. Not imputed, but participated. If koinonia were translated correctly in more English Bibles, more people would see how utterly dominant a word and concept that it is. St. John’s gospel is replete with examples. Indeed, I think one would have a hard time finding a judicial metaphor in St. John. I also think that St. Paul must be read with St. John by his side (et cetera).

    Underhill- good quote.

  20. irishanglican Avatar
    irishanglican

    Fr. Stephen,

    We are close here! My concern would be more about God’s nature and His total “passion” or wrath – here in the Greek the idea is in the animus, the working and fermenting of the mind. Here God’s mind is both holy and pure, and thus His passion, “wrath” or hatred of sin! We can see this in the heart & mind of God in the OT. Also, Christ had a profound hatred of sin! (Matt. 23: 32-36 / John 8:21-24).

    Here again we have hyperbole, but the language still points to God’s very profound hatred and passion or wrath of and toward sin. Here is the very moral for which Christ died! Let me quote Evelyn Underhill again, ‘Love is a grave and ruthless passion, unlimited in self-giving and unlimited in demand.’

    Thanks to let me share.

    Sincerely In Christ,
    Fr. Robert

  21. MichaelPatrick Avatar
    MichaelPatrick

    Fr. Stephen, you said “a matter of God’s taking our condition upon Himself, that we might take His upon us.”

    Reading this I recalled that once Bp. Kallistos said something to the effect that, any view of salvation that requires God to change is wrong. He does not change and does not need His wrath or anger mollified. He takes our condition upon Himself FOR US. His “anger” and “wrath” are not at all what we often imagine, that God is a killer who’s glad to punish sinners and be rid of them.

    Thanks. Glory to God for all things! Indeed!

  22. fatherstephen Avatar

    Fr. Robert,

    I think that to speak of God’s hate and wrath, even towards sin, is, at best, a metaphor. If such words have any substance with regard to God – it is not anything we understand or comprehend. However, we know very much about the distorted thing we call hate or wrath and it works us no good at all (“the wrath of man does not work the righteousness of God”). I have only seen it do harm in the hands of preachers and warp the minds of believers. Better to read St. Isaac of Syria and be done with such imagery. It is worse than useless.

    In the hands of many it has passed being a metaphor and become a full-blown heresy, or blasphemy, saying things of God that are not true.

    I know it’s stock-in-trade for many preachers but, as I’ve said, not to any good effect – and to great ill effect. It is the breeding ground of atheism.

    I can assure any reader that if they personally “hate” sin – it’s a darkness in their soul. I’ve never seen “righteous anger” in any human being. Understand the theory – but I’ve never ever seen it. Christians need to give up the notion, at least as regards our own selves.

    It’s theoretically alright to speak of “pure” hatred, etc., but I have no idea what that means or what it would look like. Christ even showed mercy towards demons (allowing them to enter the Gadarene swine).

  23. oruaseht Avatar
    oruaseht

    Fr. Stephen – I truly appreciate your insight about the wrath of God/anger of God. It has truly enlightened my understanding of God’s grace, as indicated in the parable of the prodigal son/Loving Father.

    How do you understand the event from St. John’s Gospel of our Lord “cleansing” the Temple? “In the temple He found those who were selling oxen and sheep and pigeons, and the money-changers sitting there. 15 And making a whip of cords, He drove them all out of the temple, with the sheep and oxen. And He poured out the coins of the money-changers and overturned their tables. 16 And He told those who sold the pigeons, “Take these things away; do not make my Father’s house a house of trade.” (John 2:14-16)

    Is this anger at sin or something else? Thank you for your wisdom.

  24. mary k Avatar
    mary k

    Thankyou Father Stephen,

    It is the breeding ground of atheism.
    I guess those Christians say Christians are meant to be righteous and hate what God hates and hate sin/our hearts and that Paul(i think?) said to do that.
    Like this womans blog below confuses me because she says she follows everything biblically and has developed a righteous anger and heartbreak when she hears other women sharing a “watered down” version of the bible.
    Is righteous anger really righteous?Is it a different type of anger from normal(darkness in the soul) anger?Would bad anger be like angry at someone like a reaction which caused conflict and/or hurt feelings whereas righteous anger might be sort of like a indignant outrage like at something that dishonered God like not preaching His full gospel or for example at jail system if there were people who set on fire disabled child and shown no remorse and got off without any incarcaration time and laughed about it?
    Would anger/uprising at criminal system in a situation like that be considered righteous anger or is that from darkness in the soul too?
    This woman in the blog also talks about how in hell a persons body will be eternally torment and tortured for ever.
    These sort of teaching confuse/upset me about Gods nature but i worry must be true because she looks so joyful,health,pretty etc and talks about following bible to the word
    http://www.katiehoffman.org/
    http://www.katiehoffman.org/aboutkatie.html

    I was also wondering if wrath was a large part of Gods nature then shouldn’t Christians become more wrathful as they grow spiritually because of becoming more like God/as being originally created in Gods image?
    Also someone mentioned to me if the saved get reward of eternal life then what are the unsaved doing with it also burning in hell for eternity?

    Maybe its just my understanding of the words eternal life is limited

    Thankyou

  25. blackbean Avatar
    blackbean

    Fr. Stephen, this was my reply to you over on my blog. I really would love to hear your counsel.

    ——
    Fr. Stephen,

    I’ve been a lurker on your blog and listener to your podcasts for a couple of years. I really respect and have been blessed by your writing on life and faith, liturgy and sacramental worship. The podcast where you talk about your father-in-law and the “Nevertheless” of the three young men is in my personal ‘canon’ of stories of faithful Christian living. So thank you for your ministry.

    I meant no disrespect by pointing to your comment about Cranmer. I just think it was inaccurate and at the least an overstatement. The original BCP was a project in purification from medieval innovation rather than an innovation for simplicities sake. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said for recent revisions.

    At the same time, I totally get your point.

    I’ve been a part of planting a church with the Anglican Mission in America – we have episcopal oversight from Rwanda. We are, as evangelical Anglican parishes go, on the higher end in terms of style. Our staff and clergy have been influenced greatly by the eastern tradition, particularly by the writing of Fr. Schmemann.

    It’s interesting, many of the people who have joined our church have not been disgruntled Episcopalians. They have mostly been from some sort of evangelical, non-denom, Bible Church or Baptistic tradition. They come and stay because they encounter the presence of God in our services.

    To that end, we’ve been diligent to teach about about the liturgy and the significance of the sacraments. We have an instructional eucharist once a year, we’ve written a little book describing the liturgy, we teach classes, etc.

    What your post touches in me is an anxiety I often feel to make sure people know what they are doing. In light of your post, how directive are you in teaching your parishoners about the liturgy and sacraments? How important is it that they GET IT?

    Thank you,
    Fr. David

  26. fatherstephen Avatar

    I only have time for a brief response this morning. Mary K, I think that those Christians who write about God’s anger and wrath – particularly if they claim to have “righteous anger” are in delusion. They know nothing of what they are writing about and they know even less about what is going on inside them. This is why it is important to be guided by and subject to the living Tradition of the Church and not just making things up as you go along and subject to nothing more than your own opinion.

    There are terrible things in this world that are easy to hate. Even bad people can hate these things. Atheists hate these things. It does not take anything Divine to hate these things. True Christian spiritual life and true Christian devotion to God is measured in love, not hate. “Beloved, let us love one another, for love is of God and everyone that loveth is born of God and knoweth God. He that loveth not, knoweth not God, for God is love.” (1 Jn. 4:7-8)

    St. Silouan taught us (paraphrase) that “you only know God to the extent that you love your enemies.” For the Scripture is clear that “God is kind to the unthankful and the evil.” (Luke 6:35).

    This is difficult even though we can see the truth of it. But the very difficulty should teach us that it is the commandment of God.

    Ouraseht,
    I believe Christ acted in the manner of a parable in the Temple as he drove the money changers out – and not because He was overcome by anger. If there were anger there, I still do not think it is something we understand, or that He did to offer us an example. I am impressed by the fact that more Christians want to follow the Temple Cleansing than want to follow the Cross. We are commanded to take up our cross and follow Him, not take up our whips and follow Him. Let God be God, and let us keep His commandments. We have no commandment in the NT to hate sin. We have a commandment to love our enemy. Let us strive to complete that commandment, then perhaps we can search and see if there are any others.

    Blackbean,
    Thanks again for the note. It is both important and not important that people “get it” in liturgy. If the liturgy is true and God given, then God will give it to them. We should instruct, but trust that the liturgy is beyond the level of our instruction. It’s the only problem with various liturgies in the West (that they are too simplified). The danger is that we would indeed “get it.” Meaning, it would have lost its transcendence. God bless your work.

  27. irishanglican Avatar
    irishanglican

    Fr. Stephen,

    I am sadden by the fact that you did not let your blog see my last post? This is always somewhat dishonest to me! The blog should be what it is…an open forum. Could it be that I have made the better, or at least the more studied statement? Are you afraid to let my simple answer see the light for your people? I hope not? People deserve the benefit of real dialogue!

    Always however.. In Christ,
    Fr. Robert

  28. Karen Avatar
    Karen

    Dear Father, bless! I don’t think it is possible for a merciful God not to hate sin (in some sense), since sin is what is counter to His merciful will and destroys His creatures. In analogy, right now my daughter has been sick with a fever for five days and apparently suffering from a respiratory flu. I hate her illness and what it is doing to her body and the suffering it is causing her precisely to the extent that I love her. The problem, as I understand it, is we as human beings are inclined to view sin not as a spiritual wound or disease (as does Orthodoxy), but as freely willed morally evil choices (which is merely a symptom of sin in its deepest sense) and consequently to judge and condemn the sinner willing his destruction to the extent that we see him as willfully bound up in his “sin” in this latter sense. And we are always better at noticing such sin in others than in ourselves! This latter sort of human hatred/anger gets very bound up in our understanding of God’s completely dispassionate “wrath,” which is an expression of His compassion in the same sense as my hatred of my daughter’s suffering and illness is an expression of my love for her. Does this distinction resonate with you?

  29. fatherstephen Avatar

    Fr. Robert,

    So sorry. Yes, I moderated your comment. But I thought I’d correct a couple of mistaken notions. Comments on a blog are not an open forum, they are comments on a blog. Fora exist. There is an element of that in a comments section. But I write a blog. There’s no way I can run and moderate a forum, other than to the minor extent one exists here.

    Comments on this posting have already well exceeded 100, a point in my experience where the posting ceases to be the topic and the comments become less and less relevant, however interesting they may be.

    At some point (even to that of closing comments) I begin to moderate things so that the conversation can ease and we can move on to another post (which should be forth-coming today, God willing). Your comment was interesting in and of itself, but did not, it seemed to me to move the conversation any further or make a necessary point to the conversation.

    It is easy for the conversation of the comments to soon be side-tracked. Those issues may be interesting, which is why other people also have blogs (so they can write what they want and let others comment on it).

    It’s a finite world – and one that has been shrunken quite a bit for me this week by other responsibilities. Thus my reins have tightened on moderation. It’ll ease soon enough.

  30. fatherstephen Avatar

    Karen,

    Yes, I am comfortable with that approach. But, already you are offering (properly) a nuanced understanding of “wrath.” It popular writing (such as I do here) I sometimes find it easier to not use the term rather than to spend the amount of time offering the nuance – though the topic has to be addressed repeatedly. When I write on it, it invariably has one of the largest number of comments. People are deeply engaged with this question.

    I would go another step further and even say that “sin” does not exist (at least not with a proper existence). It is a “falling short of the mark” (hamartia) and deviation in our proper and true existence. Thus I’m not sure if we are not ontologizing sin (granting it being) when in fact it is not anything at all (ontologically speaking).

    Does God hate nothing? Or is He angry at nothing? I think most of the language of God’s anger and hate are so tied up in the legal metaphor that it is largely useless to us as Orthodox Christians. When you read St. Isaac of Syria, there is pretty much a complete absence of such language, and yet you see no diminishing of the Christian gospel.

    Simple question (for us all): Is it possible to give a complete and balanced account of the gospel of Christ without making use of the word anger or hate or wrath. I think it certainly is. Not that those words do not occur in Scripture, and are used in some of the images offered in Scripture. John’s gospel uses the word “wrath” once, but could have easily used something else (3:36). It uses the word “hate” or “hates” only in chapter 7 and there it is talking about the world hating, but not us hating.

    Of course, Christ says we must “hate” father and mother – though that is so nuanced that a sermon is required to explain it.

    On the other hand, the legal metaphor has spawned far more casual uses of hate and anger and wrath, raising such words to the place of root metaphors, and thereby distort the image of God.

    There are words, I believe, that are so charged and dangerous, that they must be used seldom and only with caution and careful nuance. Hate and anger and wrath are generally only experienced in a sinful manner by human beings and most people are deeply wounded already by such abuse. Those who preach such terms are often engaging in spiritual abuse and should stop.

    If someone who teaches or preaches the Christian gospel but cannot do so without reference to these words, then I think they need to stop and pray and see if there is not something fundamentally wrong with their understanding.

    I’m not trying to edit these things out of Scripture – simply to say that they are abused by most who read them. Imagine you are explaining the gospel to a 4 year old. Will they misunderstand the concept of God’s wrath? I am rather sure of it.

    I have not found adults to be that much more emotionally mature.

    My challenge of these images (on the blog and in my writings) is, I hope, an occasion for other Christians, particularly Orthodox, to think carefully about these very powerful words. If we do that – then I’ll have done a little good.

    Blessings on the feast!

  31. Anna Avatar
    Anna

    I’ve heard it said before that to have righteous anger about a situation where one sins against another means that we are more angry on behalf of the one who sinned against the other.

  32. Marcus Avatar
    Marcus

    A certain professor, who is the chairman of the philosophy department in a south eastern universty, also Orthodox, came and gave a paper at Auburn about the Essence/Energies distinction. He worked in physics before he delved into Theology and philosophy. Someone asked him before the paper: “what is the connection between physics and theology?”, he thought about it for a minute and then said “physics and theology are both wrapped in asking about the reality of the universe,” I loved that answer, it gave me a new perspective on Christianity that had always been on the tip of my tongue in my mind. this article seems to reflect that understanding of Christianity as well.

  33. Karen Avatar
    Karen

    Thank you so much, Father. I have also remarked the large response you get to these posts, and I believe this is significant and reflects the vigor of the spiritual warfare going on around this particular distortion in people’s understanding of God–perhaps especially among those most likely to be in your readership audience. As you know, I agree with you wholeheartedly on this issue and just keep trying to think about how to best keep those engaged who most need to keep wrestling with it. I, for one, am tremendously grateful for your blog and its focus–it has been an invaluable resource and encouragement for me. (How interesting those statistics about John’s Gospel.) I pray more preachers of the “gospel” would recognize and heed your words below.

    “There are words, I believe, that are so charged and dangerous, that they must be used seldom and only with caution and careful nuance. Hate and anger and wrath are generally only experienced in a sinful manner by human beings and most people are deeply wounded already by such abuse. Those who preach such terms are often engaging in spiritual abuse and should stop.

    “If someone who teaches or preaches the Christian gospel but cannot do so without reference to these words, then I think they need to stop and pray and see if there is not something fundamentally wrong with their understanding.”

  34. fatherstephen Avatar

    Karen,

    Thanks for the good words. I always enjoy your comments. The new post is up…almost 3000 words, and at that I felt as though I had hardly touched the topic.

  35. […] From: How Simple Should Christianity Be? « Glory to God for All Things. […]

  36. justajew4jesus Avatar
    justajew4jesus

    Just ran across your site when googling for a quote and wanted to offer a (hopefully gentle) dissenting opinion to that of some of your other readers and posters. Thanks for your work. j

    “Christianity is EVERYTHING for mankind, or it is NOTHING; either the surest VERITY, or the greatest LIE.”

    So began my very first sermon after confronting (and, for the most part, answering) the first and most obvious questions that accompany even contemplation of a journey from contemporary Judaism to 2 Cor 5:17. The year was 1975 and since then there have been MANY sermons, Bible studies, devotions, marriages and funerals, each calling for my remarks to some audience. So, I understand to some degree the realities of trying to communicate the ineffable.

    And, having had the privilege of two sets of grandparents, one Jewish, the other Catholic and headed by a strong, beyond ‘observant’, “Mass-every-day-of-the-week” Irish/German Grandma, I had some understanding of the contrasts in both the religions AND their practice.

    Thus, I’m forced to wonder if, rather than over-simplification, i.e. rather than reducing the awe and majesty of The One to a mere shibboleth – as human worshipers ARE wont to do – some of my Protestant brothers, in the best Socratic tradition, are simply pointing out a trail and so allowing for personal exploration and discovery. Others, and I can’t help but think of my Grandma O’Brien, may prefer they be provided a destination, complete with attached full color topographical map and driving directions. In this way they are supplied all the answers, leaving no doubt.

    So, at the risk of a legitimate claim of simplification in the extreme, whether one takes God at His word in Isa 1:18 (“Come let US reason together …”) or one takes the part of Timothy heeding Paul (2 Tim 2:2; “… things … heard from me … entrust to faithful men … able to teach others …”) the main thing is to keep The Main Thing (Jesus) the main thing (your focus.) If He is at YOUR center, appropriation of the Truth is a foregone conclusion (Romans 8:28-30.) At least, that’s MHO. j (Jude 24-25)

  37. fatherstephen Avatar

    just,
    No doubt evangelization is a driving force for much of the simplification within contemporary Protestantism, as well as the Baptism of some questionable elements of culture. But it always runs the risk of making the faith into a “religion” rather than a way of life. But there are many pitfalls for us all. I wanted to offer a thought for our consideration.

  38. ginmemphis Avatar
    ginmemphis

    Thomas Cranmer was instrumental in the translation and dissemination of the Holy Bible in the English language. Many martyrs gave their lives so that people could read the Scripture that the early fathers so treasured. The New Testament in my Orthodox Study Bible is the New King James translation.

    The church in Europe was an all-encompassing religious, political and social structure. If the Reformation had not occurred, the Roman Catholic Church might still be the only church in the Western world. We are blessed with freedom–the very freedom we are enjoying here–that grew from that Reformation.

    Yes, some have watered down or even done away with liturgy. That does not mean the absence of God. Liturgy praises God, it does not contain him. God is greater than the church, and can not be possessed.

  39. fatherstephen Avatar

    Ginmemphis,

    There are good points related to the Reformation, no doubt. Forgive me, but it is too simple a read of history to justify the whole of the Reformation by greater availability of Scripture and “freedom,” or to cite martyrs of the Reformation. There were plenty of martyrs on the other side of the question as well. It is historically inaccurate to think of the Reformation as a popular uprising. In most cases (England in particular) it was not popular at all, but was the program of the state and the academics together and was put into place through great violence.

    Nor can we assume that things we now have as a result of the Reformation would not have developed in another way. The violence and politicization of the Reformation have also left us with a dark side. We have freedom, but we do not know what to do with it (it is mostly mere license). We have the Scriptures but again without proper understanding.

    Liturgy is praise of God, but it was and is the primary repository of the lived spiritual life of the Church. It is, if you will (especially in an Orthodox use) the Scriptures sung – and sung with understanding.

    “Do not remove the ancient landmark which thy fathers have set” Proverbs 22:28.

  40. motivation quote…

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