Living with a Calendar

The human relationship with time is a strange thing. The upright stones of neo-lithic human communities stand as silent reminders of our long interest in seasons and the movement of the heavens. Today our light-polluted skies shield many of us from the brilliant display of the night sky and rob us of the stars. The modern world is not only shielded from the stars but from many aspects of time itself. Artificial lighting has made the setting of the sun into an unremarkable event and extended daylight into whatever hour we might wish. And though the seasons are worth noting, it is primarily their effect on clothing choices that seem important – foods have become omni-seasonal (for a price).

With all of that, the Church’s calendar becomes an intrusion and a disruption and almost an antique artifact. On the secular calendar, days of the week are but markers for which television shows are showing,  a fact which itself is increasingly irrelevant in the digital world of delivery-on-demand. Days and years have importance only for writing a check correctly (something that is itself disappearing). But the Church calendar colors days, marking some for fasting and others for feasting and makes of time a complication that demands attention.

The Church calendar was once described to me as the “sanctification of time.” In this part of the modern world I would describe it not only as the sanctification of time, but the insistence that there even be time.

This is a common pattern within Orthodox Christianity. To outsiders, the calendar may seem exotic – but it represents nothing more outlandish than an affirmation of what it means to be a human being. Our humanity is a tradition. I can only learn what it is to be a human being from another human being, someone who has successfully fulfilled that reality. Animals are no different. Birds do not suddenly fly – their flight is traditioned to them. Human beings learn to walk in a traditioned manner as well. Your computer or your phone will not teach you how to be a human being.

So many things that modern people see as strange or unusual within the traditional life of Orthodox Christianity are no more than the encounter with the living memory of what it is to be human. And time in its traditional form is one of them.

What is time? Science describes time as a function of space. Space describes an expanse and time locates something within that expanse. And although this description of time is not “traditional,” it nevertheless works. Time helps us to locate ourselves. To be human includes time and space. I cannot be human everywhere – but only at a particular place and a particular time (which are the same thing). It is this aspect of our humanity that our jettisoning of time seeks to ignore.

As we entertain ourselves to death, we become more and more abstracted from both space and time. Wandering in a digital world we have forgotten how to return to ourselves and simply be present to a particular point. Tragically, that particular point is always (and only) the place where we meet God. The calendar is thus something like an “appointment device.” This feast, this day, this time in my life, if I will keep the appointment, I can meet God.

The feasts on the calendar are not appointments with memorials, the recollection of events long past. They are invitations to present tense moments in the liturgical life of the world. In those moments there is an intersection of the present and the eternal. They are theophanies into which we may enter.

The events in Christ’s ministry that are celebrated (to use one example) are of little importance if viewed in a merely historical manner. It is not enough to say and remember that Christ died. The Christian faith is that I must become a partaker of Christ’s death. Christ is Baptized, but I must be a partaker of His Baptism. This is true of all the feasts and is the reason for our liturgical celebrations. The Church is not a memorial society – it is the living presence of Christ in the world and the primary means by which we may share in His presence.

There is no time like the present for only in the present does time open its riches to us and bestow its gifts. Only at the present moment do the doors to eternity offer us union with what would otherwise seem lost.

For He says: “In an acceptable time I have heard you, And in the day of salvation I have helped you.” Behold, now is the accepted time; behold, now is the day of salvation.” (2Co 6:2)

 

Photo by Hulki Okan Tabak on Unsplash

About Fr. Stephen Freeman

Fr. Stephen is a retired Archpriest of the Orthodox Church in America. He is also author of Everywhere Present: Christianity in a One-Storey Universe, and Face to Face: Knowing God Beyond Our Shame, as well as the Glory to God podcast series on Ancient Faith Radio.



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28 responses to “Living with a Calendar”

  1. Matthew Avatar
    Matthew

    I remember people in my past scoffing at the church calendar. They would say things like … “Why do we need a special day to celebrate the Resurrection? We should be celebrating it everyday!”

    While I still believe that we can and should celebrate resurrection everyday, I see absolutely nothing wrong with being anchored in the life and cycles of the church year and her special celebrations. The church calendar offers us so much more than the secular calendar ever could.

    I want to live a rhythm that forms me into a fuller and complete human being, not live from a calendar that reminds me it is national cheeseburger day! 🙂

  2. Matthew Avatar
    Matthew

    Fr. Stephen wrote:

    “The Church is not a memorial society – it is the living presence of Christ in the world and the primary means by which we may share in His presence.”

    It is alive! It is living! It is Real Presence … not simply a sermon and a memorial supper!

  3. Justin Avatar
    Justin

    I had this thought around Pascha this year, Pascha being five weeks after Latin/Western Easter. While I generally understand all the arguments for and against a unified computus and Calendar, my final conclusion on this is that I don’t mind all that much. I rather enjoy the Church celebrations being decoupled from the tyrannical bent of modern society’s calendar. The holidays and Holy Days of the Western Church Calendar have been, for the better part (arguably in their entirety) so thoroughly secularized and commercialized that they no longer have any significant meaning beyond a day off for workers (and that less and less) or are an excuse for a “special” car race or ballgame. The common holidays do not declare anything anymore, at least where the Gospel of the Kingdom of Christ is concerned.
    I have found this is especially true of Easter. Overall, it has been reappropriated to a pagan celebration of springtime and fertility. The sermons on the Resurrection, as they may be, celebrate less so the inbreaking of the Kingdom and more so the renewal of my own life, how it makes My Best Life(™) possible, now. It is a subtle but theologically definitive move.
    I very much appreciated the quiet surrounding Great Lent this year, as the rest of the world had moved on to its own business and affairs. I was left alone with silence and stillness, without the expectations of Reese’s Eggs, Cadbury Bunnies, and prime rib dinners at the in-laws’. The Lord knows how hard it is for me to even participate in the Fast without looking for ways to justify breaking it. The lack of worldly distraction from Easter was helpful to say the least. It was enlightening to not be coupled with the modern cultural zeitgeist. As a convert it is refreshing to be loosed from the grip of commercial culture-war Christianity. I suppose the Old Calendarists had a point worth considering.

  4. Kenneth Avatar
    Kenneth

    Fr. Stephen,

    You once mentioned a helpful analogy that even though the world and its atmosphere are full of water, we still need a special place to actually drink water. Although God is everywhere present and filling all things, we still need a special place (the Eucharist) to actually partake of God. Can Church feasts be thought of as particular moments when we partake of the reality being commemorated?

    Only in the past year have I been able to participate in the full yearly cycle of Orthodox services and feasts. They are truly life-transforming.

    Preserve, O God, the Holy Orthodox Faith!

  5. Esmée Noelle Covey Avatar
    Esmée Noelle Covey

    Poetry as Prose!

  6. Fr. Stephen Avatar

    Matthew,
    It is God Himself who instituted feast days, declaring Passover (Pascha) to be “an eternal festival.” We are probably hard-wired for such.

  7. Fr. Stephen Avatar

    Kenneth,
    Yes. I think that analogy applies to the feasts as well.

  8. Dee of St Herman Avatar
    Dee of St Herman

    Father,
    In this period of our cultural history I have attempted to expound on the importance of non-digital learning. Someone’s offhand remark suggested I am a Luddite. At first I was taken aback. Now I’m ready to embrace such a label.

  9. Matthew Avatar
    Matthew

    Hello Justin.

    I am Catholic and am attempting to follow the western church calendar. It is deep and rich and alive, not secularized.

  10. Justin Avatar
    Justin

    Matthew,

    Please forgive me… I should have written “Western Calendar,” leaving out the “Church” modifier. I agree with you that the Western Church’s Calendar is beautiful. Secular society has appropriated and defaced it, not the Church herself. I apologize to you for not being more careful with my writing.

    –Justin

  11. Matthew Avatar
    Matthew

    Thanks Justin!

  12. Andrew Avatar
    Andrew

    Thank you for this wonderful reflection Father. I’m reminded of an excerpt from “Bread & Water, Wine & Oil” by Fr. Meletios Webber,

    “Unfortunately for the mind, the present moment is the only moment that is, in any sense, real. Moreover, in spiritual terms, the present moment is the only possible occasion in which we can meet God (or anyone else). The mind attempts to be almost completely absent from the present moment—this is actually what we experience when we lie awake early in the morning. All anxiety, all fear, all disturbance come from memory or from anticipation, from the past or from the future, but not from the present. The present rarely (perhaps never) poses a problem; it just presents a situation.”

    I can deeply relate with the minds constant attempts to absent itself from the present moment.

  13. Matthew W. Avatar
    Matthew W.

    I grew up in a Christian sect – some would call it a cult – that was really concerned with the weekly calendar. A whole theology was built up around it, such as the remnant church, the sign of the lamb, and possibly many more theological reverberations. Interestingly enough, while the Sabbath was/is extremely important, no one in my communion worried too much about the rest of Temple Liturgical Practices – outside of the Day of Atonement which was associated with Easter and dealt with by Christ.

    However, This is not my point, merely an introduction to my point which is this:

    It wasn’t until I started participating in the life of the Orthodox Church that I understood the meaning of time on a scale outside of the week.

    The advantages that spring to mind cover at least two points.

    First, Days, weeks, seasons, and years are primal. Part of what it means to be human. There’s the planting season, the harvesting season, and all one has to do is look at medieval books of the hours to see that the passage of time wasn’t just for setting up meetings for this or that, but was part of the cycle of life. I suspect that this primal experience was the primary experience of most of the early Christian hermits – such as St. Mary of Egypt. My understanding is that the French tried to briefly follow a 10 day week, and the experiment was widely panned.

    Second, The Church Year follows a complete story – The Annunciation, Epiphany, Pascha, Christmas, and the many other feasts not here enumerated are all chapters in a story that complements one another throughout the year. Holy Week is not to be missed, but the warp and weft of the entire year – the feasts and fasts invite participation into the life of the Church, and by extension, into the life in Christ.

    I sometimes wonder if heaven itself will be a never-ending liturgy. Even so, I suspect that it will be paced with high points and low points – much like the intake of breath is followed by an exhale.

    It just makes my Protestant experiences seem so one-dimensional and thin.

  14. Esmée Noelle Covey Avatar
    Esmée Noelle Covey

    Thanks for the quote, Andrew. So true!

    I feel that I spend most of my time everywhere else but in the present. The innumerable distractions of this world, increased exponentially by the inception of the internet, have only made being present that much more difficult. And being present is utterly essential for being able to pray in any real way. Sometimes the situation feels absolutely hopeless, and all I can do is throw my hands up in surrender and ask God to forgive me.

  15. Fr. Stephen Avatar

    Esmée,
    When my brain is not cooperating (with ADHD, my mind wandering all over the place is quite common) I “make my body my prayer.” Interestingly, we tend to value our mind over our body – so that if the mind wanders, we say that “I’m not present.” In fact – we are present (my body is present). So, I can say, “Here I am, Lord.” I will pray and note that my mind is all over the place, and I ask for mercy. And I do whatever it is I can. Sometimes, it’s just to stand and cross myself. I would do prostrations, but my body doesn’t let me do many. I’ll do “a rope” of the Jesus prayer, whether my mind is there or not.

  16. Byron Avatar
    Byron

    I find it very hard to visualize life within the Church calendar. So it tends to pass by without a lot of impact, outside of a few of the major feasts. I’ve just ordered a calendar that is organized as the Church calendar–not in months (although they are labeled) but around the Church Feasts, etc. I think it will be very interesting to refer to it and see how that changes my perspective….

  17. A Readeer Avatar
    A Readeer

    Fr. Stephen, I hope there is nothing horribly erroneous about this comment.

    Byron, the “overthrow the tyranny of months” calendar? Love that publication. This year’s is my fifth, I think.

    When I first came to Orthodoxy (2015), and I was trying to grasp what was going on, I found it necessary to draw a “church calendar” as the “sanctification of time.” I am still, all these years later, just learning what it “means,” or still just beginning to, or attempting to, enter in…

    The picture is a series of four circles, the innermost representing the Eucharist, the next one around that representing seven daily offices beginning with Vespers, then Compline, Midnight Office, Orthros and First Hour, Third Hour, Sixth Hour, Ninth Hour. The next circle surrounding the first two is labeled with the days of the week, beginning with Sunday, the Lord’s Day or the day he resurrected, which is both the first and the eighth day, then Monday when the angelic powers are celebrated, Tuesday when St John Forerunner is celebrated, etcetera, and the outside circle is labeled with the twelve months, beginning with September 1, the Church New Year. Putting the twelve great feasts around that circle, I noted the ecclesiastical year begins with the birth of the Theotokos and ends with her dormition in August (more or less begins and ends – those are the first and last great feasts of the year), and that the liturgical year begins just across the calendar from the new year with Pascha, the resurrection of Christ, the passing over from death to life, followed by his ascent into heaven in his body, taking human nature to heaven to be seated, our salvation, our hope.

    And though this looks like a flat picture, it is meant to represent a vortex like movement, with Christ at the center, drawing all things to himself, or perhaps a spiral with that center portion, Christ, it’s lead head. Each year when we come around to that particular feast, that particular “time in space”, it is not the same time or the same space as the previous year, thus the spiral visual…even though we are meeting God, in a sense, in the same event, the original Eucharist, the original resurrection, the original birth of the Theotokos, etcetera. It as though we are traveling through time, but our time is marked by these events in which God has broken through, breaks through, to meet us daily, weekly, monthly…These are the things left when all else passes away.

    Words are inadequate, but does the description begin to open up something for you?

    I actually stumbled across a visual of a calendar very similar to this but with moving parts and illustrated, for homeschoolers, not too long ago, on Etsy. I’ll drop the link, hope that’s okay: https://www.etsy.com/listing/1587157719/orthodox-cyclical-calendar-perpetual?click_key=6c0ff672fbf4b7f6c6dbce03cab622c977efacaf%3A1587157719&click_sum=a424e282&ref=hp_rv-4&sts=1

  18. Matthew Avatar
    Matthew

    Matthew W. said:

    “It just makes my Protestant experiences seem so one-dimensional and thin.”

    I couldn´t agree more.

  19. Byron Avatar
    Byron

    A Readeer, I saw that on Etsy as well (I got my calendar from an Etsy store: Beauty First Films; it arrived yesterday) but I really couldn’t process it! Step-by-step, I suppose!

  20. Drewster2000 Avatar
    Drewster2000

    When talking about why we need special days to celebrate things, I’m always reminded of that scene in The Incredibles where Dash gets in trouble for using his superpowers in school…

    Dash: But Dad always said our powers were nothing to be ashamed of, our powers made us special.

    Mom: Everyone’s special, Dash.

    Dash: [muttering] Which is another way of saying no one is.

  21. A Reader Avatar
    A Reader

    Byron, Yes, Beauty First Films. Their calendar theme is “overthrow the tyranny of months.”

    Anyone not aware of them ought to look them up. Their first purpose is not calendars – that is more or less a fundraiser for their documentaries, I think anyway.

    And yes, step-by-step. The Kingdom has come, but it is within us, and it has not yet come in its fullness, because if you fill old wineskins with new wine, they will burst and be good for nothing. Isn’t that the ascetic struggle – whatever it is one is able to do at this moment, or this time in space? And the reason for a calendar to live by?

  22. Margaret M Avatar
    Margaret M

    Father Stephen,
    Thank you for the article!

    I’m curious what you mean in your comment to Esmeé: “We tend to value our mind over our body.” I agree, and I find myself constantly guilty of this. However, I have also sensed a certain theme of “value” in Orthodox understanding – our spirits must (lovingly) rule over our flesh, our heads over our bodies, etc.
    My parish priest has made the point in a sermon that Spirit saves us, not our flesh/bodies, but we haven’t had a long enough discussion on his comment for me to understand what he meant.

    I suppose by principle and experience, I accept the integral participation of the body in faith – but I’m just trying to make sense of the conflicting hierarchies I see as well.

  23. Fr. Stephen Avatar

    Margaret,
    I suppose that context has much to do with how we approach mind/body. There’s the theory of spirit guides the body – which, interestingly, was in Plato before it was espoused in Christianity. What is sorely lacking, I think, is a healthy integration – we tend to err on one side or the other – when the reality is that it’s both/and.

  24. Michael Bauman Avatar
    Michael Bauman

    A definition of “time” I got from my study of history: “The creation of a past that allows for a future into which can come and ever emerging now.”

    Time is much more flexible and a part of our “image and likeness” than we imagine

  25. Matthew Avatar
    Matthew

    Nice illustration Drewster2000!

  26. Matthew Avatar
    Matthew

    Hello A Reader. Beauty First Films looks so interesting. I have bookmarked their website. Thanks. I am amazed at what people are doing in terms of ministry and mission. There is actually beautiful, good and true stuff out there on the internet and in our wider world. One must only mine for it like for pieces of gold and/or silver!

    Hello Michael. Do you think time is really a natural part of our image and likeness? Lately, as I have thought about time, I think both time and space are not natural to our image and likeness, but rather tools for stability that God gives to us so we don´t wander aimlessly! When I think of union/communion with God as being our goal as human beings (the truest natural state), I think of it as a state/place/experience of timelessness. I would love to hear more of your thoughts on time and space.

  27. Michael Bauman Avatar
    Michael Bauman

    Matthew, I think time is something we use to try and make sense of our falleness. To see to have control over things.

    Joy and thankfulness just are if we allow our hearts to BE in communion with our Lord, God and Savior.

    Now, it can be way to easy for me get complicated. Analysis by human thought rather than being
    included in Sacrament as and living Persons of the Holy Trinity and the Holy Theotokos.

    As she invited me years ago: “Come! Be with me and Worship my Son!”

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  1. Matthew, I think time is something we use to try and make sense of our falleness. To see to have…

  2. Hello A Reader. Beauty First Films looks so interesting. I have bookmarked their website. Thanks. I am amazed at what…


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